Januvia : New medicine for diabetes in India

DIABETES IS one of the serious ailments from which millions of Indians suffer. But sadly, despite advances in science and technology a cure for the disease is yet not available. In India there are around 686 brands of medicines to treat diabetes, but none are very effective. In fact, most of the drugs available in the market only push the body to secrete more insulin, leading to faster degeneration of the body’s own mechanism to control sugar.

However, Merck and Co Inc US, a multinational pharmaceutical company has recently introduced a new low-cost, hassle-free patent protected drug to check the disease in India. Used by the diabetic patients in USA for the last two years, the drug will cost around Rs 300 per week in India. The drug company is claiming that the new pill has now side effect and is very easy to use.

Dr Sethu Reddy, regional director, scientific affairs, Merck and Co Inc US told media about the medicine during a workshop in Mumbai organised on Saturday, July 05. He said the medicine is mainly for two types of diabetic patients and is meal independent, without any dosage adjustments. Reddy mentioned that the medicine can be prescribed by even doctors at primary health centres as it does not have major side effects like hypoglycemia (lower glucose level than normal) and weight gain.

According to experts, the pill sold under the name Januvia contains the new molecule called Sitagliptin, which is the first of a new class of drugs known as Dipeptidyl peptidase IV ( DPP4) enhances the body’s own ability to lower blood sugar (glucose) when it is elevated. Besides, the new drug modifies the gut (intestine) peptide Incretin and makes the pancreas stimulate insulin without straining itself.

Due to presence of ’thrifty gene syndrome’, people living in Indian sub-continent are more prone to diabetes. The genetic disorder hibernates in Indian race and get activated because of sedentary lifestyle, bad food habits and improper sleep and cause diabetes. If not cured diabetes leads to several complications such as renal disorder, which can lead to kidney failure requiring dialysis, blood vessel damage in the eyes leading to blindness, nerve damage in the feet can lead to amputation and heart disease can lead to death.

Presently, there are about four crore diabetic patients in India. Out of these only 1.5 crore are aware of their situation and are under some form of treatment. Out of those under treatment patients, only 20 per cent are able control their sugar level. Unfortunately, diabetic patients in India generally use medicines to get cured from the ailment, but they don’t think to change their lifestyle including proper diet, exercise and sleep.

Source: merinews.com

Heavyweight babies more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis

Washington, June 30: Female babies with higher birth weight are twice as likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis as adults than their average contemporaries, says a new study.

The results support the foetal origin of disease theory, which argues that certain conditions and diseases in adult life are programmed by factors during pregnancy.

Diabetes, coronary heart disease, and high blood pressure for example have been linked to low birth weight.

The findings are based on a survey of over 87,000 US women between 1976 and 2002, who were aged between 30 and 55 at the beginning of the study.

Every two years, the women were quizzed about their health, lifestyle and family illnesses. In 1992, they were asked to provide information on their birth weight.

During the study period, 619 women were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis for the first time, reports Eurekalert.

Women who weighed more than 4.54 kg at birth were twice as likely to develop the auto-immune disease as those who weighed between the average of 3.2 to 3.85 kg at birth.

The results held true even after taking into account factors likely to influence the baby's birth weight.

These included socio-economic status, parental smoking, maternal diabetes, age at first period, use of oral contraceptives, breastfeeding and weight.

There is no obvious biological explanation for the findings, say the authors. But adults with rheumatoid arthritis have abnormal hormone regulation, and it is thought that this process may be triggered while in the womb.

Researchers believe that the risk of rheumatoid arthritis could be lessened during pregnancy and altering the mother's diet could open up an avenue for prevention.

The findings have been published online ahead of print in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.

Source: IANS/Eurekalert

Drink Toned Milk 'for a Healthy Heart'

New York (PTI): Downing as little as one glass of toned milk daily could keep the heart healthy by protecting it against a range of serious conditions, including stroke and heart disease, a new study has claimed.

A team of international researchers has found that adults who drink at least one serving of low-fat milk or milk products have 37 per cent lower odds of poor kidney function linked to heart disease than those who don't drink regularly.

According to the researchers, the study suggests that milk protein, vitamin D, magnesium and calcium may contribute to milk's potential heart health benefits.

In fact, they came to the conclusion after measuring the kidney function of more than 5,000 people, all adults aged between 45 and 84, the latest issue of the 'American Journal of Clinical Nutrition' reported.

The researchers tracked eating patterns and tested albumin-to-creatinine ratio -- a measure that when too low, can indicate poor kidney function and an extremely high risk for cardiovascular disease -- of the participants.

They found that people who reported consuming more low-fat milk and milk products had lower ACR, or healthier kidney function. In fact, low-fat milk and milk products was the only food group evaluated that on its own was linked to a significantly reduced risk for kidney dysfunction.

An overall healthy diet, including low-fat milk and milk products, whole grains, fruits and vegetables was also associated with a benefit -- 20 per cent lower ACR or even healthier kidney function, the study revealed.

So, drink milk to a healthy heart!

Source: Hindu

Safer, Better Medication for Hepatitis B Identified

Washington, June 27: Hepatitis B patients who didn't respond to the common treatment of lamivudine might get better and safer results with another drug called entecavir, a new study has found.

Chronic Hepatitis B is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. Patients are likely to develop serious liver diseases like cirrhosis and liver cancer, especially if they have high levels of HB virus (HBV) DNA in their blood.

Lamivudine is one treatment for HBV, but the virus commonly becomes resistant and leads to disease progression. Adefovir dipivoxil is another treatment option, however, virologic suppression is not optimal.

A third drug, Entecavir, has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for patients who don't respond to lamivudine.

Researchers led by Morris Sherman of Toronto General Hospital, studied 286 patients taking part in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of entecavir (one mg daily) to lamivudine (100 mg daily).

About 57 percent taking entecavir, compared to five percent of those taking lamivudine, were classified as virologic responders and were offered continued therapy for an additional year.

The researchers then assessed the efficacy, safety and resistance profile of entecavir through 96 weeks of treatment, reports EurekAlert.

'The year two results demonstrated that patients continue to experience clinical benefit with entecavir therapy beyond one year, while the safety profile remained stable,' Sherman said.

These findings will be published in the July issue of Hepatology.

Source: IANS

Higher coffee intake, lower liver cancer risk

Washington, June 27: There's some cheerful news for coffee addicts. The more they drink, lower the risk of liver cancer.

A large, prospective population-based study has borne out an inverse relationship between coffee consumption and liver cancer risk.

Researchers led by Gang Hu at the University of Helsinki set out to examine the link between coffee consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), with the risk of liver cancer.

Finns drink more coffee per head than the Japanese, Americans, Italians, and other Europeans, so Hu and colleagues studied 60,323 participants aged between 25 and 74 years who were cancer-free.

They were included in seven independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted between 1972 and 2002 and followed up through June 2006.

Participants completed a questionnaire about their medical history, socio-economic factors and dietary and lifestyle habits. For a subset of participants, clinical data was available, including serum levels of GGT. Data on subsequent cancer diagnoses was collected from the countrywide Finnish Cancer Registry.

Based on their answers to 'how many cups of coffee do you drink daily,' participants were divided into five categories: 0-1 cup, 2-3 cups, 4-5 cups, 6-7 cups, and 8 or more cups daily. After a median follow-up period of 19.3 years, 128 participants were diagnosed with liver cancer.

The researchers noted that multivariable hazards ratio of liver cancer dropped for each group that drank more coffee. It fell from 1.00 to 0.66, 0.44, 0.38 to 0.32, respectively.

'The biological mechanisms behind the association of coffee consumption with the risk of liver cancer are not known,' the authors point out.

They also found that high levels of serum GGT were associated with an increased risk of liver cancer, reports Eurekalert.

These findings will appear in the July issue of Hepatology.

Bed-wetting children more prone to kidney damage

Jaipur, June 26: Children who urinate in bed are more prone to kidney damage than those who don't, a leading nephrologist here says.

L.C. Sharma, who heads the nephrology department at Rajasthan's premier Sawai Man Singh Hospital, attributes the problem to three causes.

With some children, it might just be a habit, while in others it could be due to a hormonal dysfunction. A third cause could be defective kidneys or weak bladder muscles, he says.

Sharma will now examine 2,000 schoolchildren in Jaipur to ascertain the exact nature and cause of this problem and find the right way of treating such cases. The three-month long research project will begin in July when schools reopen after the summer recess.

The medical name for bed-wetting is nocturnal enuresis. According to Sharma, a survey has found that it is common in 25 percent of children aged up to four years. The affliction decreases as they grow and it remains in only two to three percent children aged 12.

If not treated properly, some of these children may develop kidney diseases, Sharma warned.

'This is called reflux nephropathy in which urine infection first affects the gall bladder and then the kidneys,' he explained.

This could also hamper the mental growth of a child, Sharma added.

Source: IANS

Finally, a car that runs on water!

Skyrocketting fuel prices, adulterated fuel, long queues at petrol stations, often unscrupulous attendants out to fleece you -- your cup of woes spills over everytime you need to fill the tank of of your car.

But all this could be history if Genepax -- a Japanese company -- is successful in commercialising its latest innovation: the 'water car.'

Genepax unveiled the car in Osaka, Japan on June 12, saying that a litre of any kind of water would get the engine going for about an hour at a speed of 80 kmph, or 50 mph.

Genepax president Kiyoshi Hirasawa, in a mission statement published on the company's official web site, said, "Our mission is to develop technology and products for efficient production and use of energy. By 'efficient,' we mean ecologically and economically efficient. Ecological and economical energy is our business. Our goal is to create energy that is not taxing on our natural environment."

The water needed to run the car could be tap, rain or sea water, the company clarified.

Once the tank (which is at the rear) of the Genepax car is filled with water, a generator would extract hydrogen from the water using, what the comapny calls, its Water Energy System, or WES, to produce electricity that the car runs on. As opposed to the hybrid cars which emit water, Genepax's invention consumes water.

Whether the car is a commercial success or not remains to be seen, but Genepax said it had applied for a patent and is planning to collaborate with Japanese auto manufacturers.

"Energy made from water," as Hirasawa says, "is not a dream story anymore We hope many people will join us in our challenge to promote the use of our WES, for the better future of the earth," he added in a statement.

source: rediff