Now 3D printed fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now 3D printed fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now 3D printed fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now 3D printed, fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now, 3D printed, fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now, 3D printed, fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Now, 3D printed, fully functional loudspeaker

Washington: Researchers, including Indian-origin scientists, have 3-D printed a loudspeaker which
is ready for use almost as soon as it comes out of the printer.
 

The project was led by Apoorva Kiran and Robert MacCurdy, graduate students in mechanical engineering from Cornell University, who worked with Hod Lipson, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and a leading 3D printing innovator.
 

"Everything is 3D printed," said Kiran, while demonstrating the newly printed mini speaker and connecting it to amplifier wires.
 

For the demo, the amplifier played a clip from US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech that mentioned 3D printing.
 

A loudspeaker is a relatively simple object. It consists of plastic for the housing, a conductive coil and a magnet. The challenge is coming up with a design and the exact materials that can be co-fabricated into a functional shape, Kiran said.
 

Lipson said he hopes this simple demonstration is just the "tip of the iceberg." 3D printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active, integrated systems, he said. But it will be a while before consumers are printing electronics at home, Lipson continued. Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials.     It's also difficult to find mutually compatible materials - for example, conductive copper and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times.
 

In the case of the speaker, Kiran used a customisable research printer originally developed by Lipson and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone, that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges, control software and other parameters.
 

For the conductor, Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet, he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava, graduate  student in chemical and biomolecular engineering, to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite.
 

It's not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson's lab. Back in 2009, Malone and former lab member Matthew Alonso printed a working replica of the Vail Register, the famous antique telegraph receiver and recorder that Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail used to send the first Morse code telegraph in 1844.
 

In contrast, animals that drank moderate amounts of ethanol displayed enhanced vaccine responses.

Scientists develop fastest water heating system

Berlin: Scientists, including one of Indian-origin, have devised a new technique to boil water in
less than a trillionth of a second. The theoretical concept, which has not yet been demonstrated in practice, could heat a small amount of water by as much as 600 degrees Celsius in just half a picosecond (a trillionth of a second).

That is much less than the proverbial blink of an eye: one picosecond is to a second what one second is to almost 32 millennia. This would make the technique the fastest water-heating method on Earth.     All it takes for superfast water heating is a concentrated flash of terahertz radiation. Terahertz radiation consists of electromagnetic waves with a frequency between radio waves and infrared, according to a PTI report.

Terahertz flashes can be generated with devices called free-electron lasers that send accelerated electrons on a well defined slalom course. The particles emit electromagnetic waves in each bend that add up to an intense laser like pulse. The terahertz pulse changes the strength of the interaction between water molecules in a very short time, which immediately start to vibrate violently.

The scientists from the Hamburg Center for Free-Electron Laser Science calculated the interaction of the terahertz flash with bulk water. The simulations were performed at the  upercomputer Center Julich and used a total of 200,000 hours of processor time by massively parallel computing.

"We have calculated that it should be possible to heat up the liquid to about 600 degrees Celsius within just half a picosecond, obtaining a transiently hot and structureless environment still at the density of the liquid, leaving all water molecules intact," said Dr Oriol Vendrell from the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), a cooperation of Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), the University of Hamburg and the German Max Planck Society Vendrell.     The concept opens up interesting new ways for experiments with heated samples of chemical or biological relevance.

The novel method can only heat about one nanolitre (billionth of a litre) in one go. This may sound small, but is large enough for most experiments. "The idea is to heat-up the 'solvent' so that many molecules start the desired chemical process at the same time and then watch the reaction evolve," said Vendrell, who worked out the super heater with co-authors Pankaj Kr Mishra and
Professor Robin Santra, also of CFEL.

Although the hot mini-cloud will fly apart in less than a millisecond, it lasts long enough to unravel everything of interest in thermal reactions such as the combination of small organic molecules to form new substances.

The reaction progress can be probed with ultrashort X-ray flashes like they will be produced by the 3.4-kilometre-long X-ray free-electron laser European XFEL, which currently is
being built between the DESY campus in Hamburg and the neighbouring town of Schenefeld.